Hardness-testing machine.



F. L. MORSE.

HARDNESS TESTING MACHINE. APPLICATION F|LEDJuNE2s,1914.

Patented. Fab. 12, 1918.

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F. L. MORSE;

HARDNESS TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED .IUNE26, |914.

Patented Feb. 12, 1918.

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- :mann L. monsn, or ITHACA, NEW rozen 12T NESS-TESTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. y

Patented Feb. l2, i949..

Application led June 26, 1914. Serial No. 847,387.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known lthat I, FRANK L. Monsn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ithaca, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hardness- Testing Machines, of which improvement the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines or instruments for `measuring the hardness of metals or other materials, and has for its object to provide an improved device for this purpose, in which the hardness may be indicated by a direct reading upon a scale, and all errors due to irregularities or deflection of the machine under pressure shall be eliminated.

The essential features of my improvement comprise an abutment for supporting the material to be tested, a movable plunger, a projection for indenting the material, and means for registering or indicating the differential movement between said abutment taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a-

A in which is mounted the yielding abutment of the frame is supported by an arm, 10,

and plunger when pressure is applied to indent the material. The abutment may also be yieldingly supported, as by a spring, and the deflection of the abutment, or its move. ment relative to a IiXed point, may be Iltilized to indicate the total pressure applied to the plunger. It is of, course, necessary to subject diiierent metals or materials to different pressures in makin tests for hardness, and a table of suita le pressures for the respective metals and materials should be compiled, from which observations and tests may be made. y

In the accinpanying drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation, wlth certain parts indicated in vertical section, of an instrument embodying my improvement; Fig. 2, a ver- 2'- 2.of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a horizontal section horizontal section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, a fragmentary View, in elevation, and section, showing a modified form of hardness indicating device.

According tothe construction shown in the drawings, the instrument or machine comprises' a frame having a base portion, 6,

7, resting on a spring, 8, `while the head, 9

and` carries the sliding plunger, 11, arranged 1n line with the abutment, 7. The plunger is adapted to be applied with pressure to the abutment, or material to be tested, by means of the screw, 12, mounted in the head, and operated by the hand wheel, 13. An indenting projection, or ball, 14, is carried by one of the parts, preferably the plunger, and is adapted to be forced against the metal or other material to be tested, the hardness of which will be indicated by the amount of indentation when subjected to a given pressure.

The total pressure applied will be indicated by the amount of compression of the spring, 8, or the total yielding movement of the abutment with reference to a fixed point of the frame and various means may be employed for registering this movement. As shown in the drawings, the-stem, 15, of the abutment, 7, is rigidly connected by the radial bar, 16, with. the vertically movable rod, 17, which extends through the hollow guide bolt, 18, and is provided with rack teeth, 19, meshing with pinion, 20, mounted to turn the arm, 21, over the scale, 22, and thereby indicate the total amount of pressure applied to the material tested.

yThe hardness of the metal or material tested is shown by the amount of indentation by the ball or projection, 14, which isv indicated by the differential movement between the plunger and the abutment when the pressure is applied. Various means may be provided for measuring this differential movement, but according'to the preferred conv struction, as shown in Fig. 1, Ifprovide a. movable cylinder, 23rigidly connected to one of the parts, such as the abutment, by

means of a rod, 24, and radial bar, 16, and

arranged to slide vertically within the holglass tubeJ and has suitable graduativons marked thereon. This scale may be in the form of a split brass tubemounted on .the glass gage and adjustable vertically thereon. The cylinder is adapted to be filled With liquid, 0r preferably two kinds of liquid,

operates such as mercury or other heavy liquid in the bottom, and a lighter liquid, such as oil, at the top. A shield, 34, may be supported on the frame for protecting the glass gage. The hollow guide bolts, 18 and 25, are attached -between the base portion and the head of the machine, and also serve to strengthen the frame.

When the by-pass port, 29, is open, the piston, 26, is free to move down or up in the cylinder without affecting the height of the liquid in the glass gage since the liquidy may then pass freely through said portfrom one side of the piston to the other. But when the valve, 30, is screwed down to close port, 29, the liquid cannot pass around the piston and any downward movement of said piston to force the liquid up into the glass gage. As the cross sectional area of glass tube is many times less than that of the cylinder it will be seen that a slight movement of the piston will change the height of liquid in the gage a considerable amount. To test the hardness of a metal or other material, the same is placed upon the abutment, 7, and the plunger is then screwed down until the indenting ball, 14, engages the material and the pointer, `21. registers zero on the scale, :22. During this movement, which may exert a light pressure upon -the spring. S, the port, 29, is open to permit free movement. of the piston, '26. The' bypass is then closed by valve, 30, and the scale, 33, adjusted with the point indicating the maximum degree of hardness at the level of the liquid in the gage. Pressure is then applied to the plunger by means of the screw until the pointer on the scale, 2:2, in-

dicates the desired amount of tot-al pressure A to be employed in testing that particular class of material. During this movement, the amountof indentation by the ball, 14, upon the material will determine the amount of difference in the movement of the plunger, and the abutment. and consequently the amount of displacement of the piston, 26, in the cylinder. This movement forces upward the liquid column in the glass gage, and gives a direct reading of the hardness of the material upon the scale, 33. If there is no indentation made by the projection or ball, 14, when subjected to the desired pressure, there will be no differential in movement of the parts, and consequently no displacement of the piston in the cylinder. The column of liquid in the gage will therefore remain at the same height, indicating -the maximum degree of hardness for that particular material at th'e pressure employed.

Other means may be employed for registering the differential in the movement of and the abutment, as shown for.

the plunger, instance in Fig. 5, in which the rod, 24, connected to the abutment and extending theA through a guide bolt, 25, is provided with rack teeth meshing with a inion, 20,

mounted on 'a bracket, 28a, rigidly secured to the plunger 11, and carrying a scale, 22". A pointer, 21, is adjustably mounted on the shaft of the pinion for indicating the differential movement of the parts. With this construction the pointer may clearly indicated upon the gage, and the minute movement will be degreepf hardness read .directly therefrom. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine for measuring hardness, the combination ot'- a frame, a spring, an abutment supported on said spring, a movable plunger, an indenting projection carried by one of said parts, means operated by the movement of the abutment for indicatthe total pressure applied thereto, a rod rigidly secured to the abutment, and an indicating device having a cylinder attached to said rod, a piston connected to the plunger cylinder for indicating the amount of indentation.

2. In a machine for measurin hardness, the combination of a frame, a yi ding abutment mounted therein, a plunger. movably mounted in said frame in line with said abutment, means for applying pressure to said plunger, an indenting projection carried by the plunger, a rod secured to the abutment, an indicating device operated by the movement of the abutment relative to the frame, and another indicating device having a cylinder attached to said rod and a piston attached to the plunger.

3. In a machine for measuring hardness, the combination of an abutment, a movable plunger, an indenting projection carried by one of said parts, a cylinder adapted to"contain liquid, a piston therein operated by the movement of said plunger, a by-pass valve and a gage communicating with the for said piston, and a gage connected to said idly connected to said abutment, piston in said cylinder and rigidly connected to said manera plunger, a by-pass valve for the piston, and a glass gage connected to said cylinder.

5. 1n a machine for measurin hardness, the combination of a yielding a utment, a movable plunger, an indenting projection carried by one of said parts, a cylinder connected to the abutment and containing a heavy liquid at the bottom and a lighter liquid at the top, a piston inthe lighter liquid operated bythe movement of the plunger, and a gage-communicating with the liquid at the bottom of the cylinder.

. 6. In a machine for measuring hardness the combination of a frame having head and -r base portions, ayielding plunger mounted on said base portion, a movable plunger carried by the head portion, an indenting projection, a hollow guide bolt connecting the head and base portions, a rod connected to v said abutment and extending through said hollow guide bolt, and an indicating device operated by the movement of said rod.

7. In a machine for measuring hardness the combination of a frame having head and base portions, a yielding plunger mounted on said base portion, a movable lunger carried by the head portion, an in enting projection, a hollow guide bolt connecting the head and base portions, a. cylinder operated by the movement of the abutment and extending within said hollow guide bolt, a piston in said cylinder therein connected to said plunger, and a gage connected to the cylinder.

FR a L. MORSE. Witnesses:

D. B. Panna, P. C. COLT.. 

